When searching for information about Costa Rica’s top tourist attractions, volcanoes are always among the highlights. At the same time, they are one of its most distinctive features.
There are indeed “only” five active volcanoes. However, over 200 volcanic formations have been identified nationwide, and around 112 show evidence of recent geological activity. That’s probably more than you expected, right?
This article will explore the intense volcanic activity that characterizes Costa Rica. While the route along El Camino de Costa Rica doesn’t enter any national parks with active volcanoes, it does pass close to one: the Turrialba Volcano.
Volcanic composition is part of the country’s essence and a source of Costa Rican pride. We’re sure you’ll enjoy learning more about these natural wonders that can’t be found just anywhere in the world!
A volcanically privileged country
If you’ve been in the capital or central region, you’ve probably noticed how close the mountain ranges feel. You’re seeing Costa Rica’s Central Mountain Range, made up of several cordilleras stretching from northwest to southeast. Many of the country’s most active and famous volcanoes are located in these ranges: the Guanacaste Volcanic Range, the Tilarán Range, the Central Volcanic Range, and the Talamanca Range.
Costa Rica's position along the Pacific Ring of Fire and the interaction between the Cocos and Caribbean tectonic plates are the main reasons the country serves as a true open-air geological laboratory.
This tectonic setting makes it easier for magma to rise through the Earth’s crust, giving rise to majestic giants like Arenal, Poás, Irazú, Rincón de la Vieja, and Turrialba, among others. In addition to volcanic activity, this phenomenon has created exceptional mineral wealth and a unique biodiversity that thrives on the nutrient-rich soils from volcanic eruptions.
Volcanic tourism: A transformative experience
Volcanic tourism is one of Costa Rica’s most exciting draws for local and international visitors. These volcanoes aren’t just scenic, they offer unforgettable experiences: crater hikes, national park visits, relaxing in thermal waters, watching fumaroles and acidic lakes, and exploring trails surrounded by cloud forest and vibrant wildlife.
A list of Costa Rica’s five active volcanoes
Here’s a list of Costa Rica’s five active volcanoes, from northwest to southeast.
1. Rincón de la Vieja Volcano
- Height: 1,916 m
- Last major eruption: Frequent phreatic eruptions (2016–2021)
- Current status: Active
- Highlights: Located within a national park with hiking trails, waterfalls, volcanic mud pools, and hot springs.
A giant in Guanacaste
Rincón de la Vieja is one of Costa Rica’s most active volcanoes and the centerpiece of one of its most diverse national parks in terms of landscapes and activities. Visitors will find volcanic mud pits, geysers, waterfalls, thermal rivers, and abundant flora and fauna. The hike to the crater is a challenge for experienced trekkers, but there are many alternative routes for all levels.
Its strong appeal lies in the mix of adventure, biodiversity, and local culture. In addition to hiking and soaking in hot springs, you can go tubing on nearby rivers, horseback riding, or visit local ranches. Its proximity to Liberia makes it an excellent nature-based excursion for those visiting Guanacaste who want a volcano-focused getaway.
2. Arenal Volcano
- Height: 1,670 m
- Last major eruption: 2010
- Current status: Dormant, no recent eruptive activity
- Highlights: Famous for its perfect cone shape and proximity to La Fortuna, with hot springs, hiking trails, and abundant wildlife.
An explosive icon
With its nearly perfect cone shape, Arenal is the most iconic volcano in Costa Rica and the tourism heart of the northern region. Although it hasn’t erupted since 2010, its striking presence and surrounding lava fields continue to captivate travelers. Arenal Volcano National Park, located at its base, offers trails through tropical rainforest, rivers, waterfalls, and old lava flows.
What makes Arenal truly special is the blend of wild nature with modern comforts. Natural hot springs, luxurious eco-resorts, and activities like canopy tours, rafting, or kayaking on Lake Arenal make it an ideal destination for thrill-seekers and those looking to relax.
3. Poás Volcano
- Height: 2,708 m
- Last major eruption: 2019 (ash and gas emissions)
- Current status: Active, access restricted depending on activity
- Highlights: Its crater is one of the largest in the world and contains a striking turquoise acidic lake.
A volcano within reach of San José
Poás is one of the most accessible and visited volcanoes in Costa Rica. It is located within Poás Volcano National Park, just 90 minutes from San José. Its main crater is one of the largest in the world and holds a bright turquoise acidic lake that changes color based on volcanic activity. This stunning natural wonder attracts thousands of visitors who can safely view the crater from a well-constructed lookout point.
Poás stands out as a must-visit destination due to its dramatic landscapes and cinematic feel. Visitors can see active fumaroles, stand before a living giant, and enjoy the surrounding cloud forest, interpretive trails, and picnic areas that showcase the area’s biodiversity.
4. Irazú Volcano
- Height: 3,432 m (the highest volcano in Costa Rica)
- Last major eruption: 1963–1965
- Current status: Active, with fumarolic activity
- Highlights: From its summit, you can see both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea on clear days.
Unforgettable views
Irazú is Costa Rica’s tallest volcano, and its summit offers a rare panoramic view: on clear days, you can see both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea from one spot. Its lunar-like landscape and several craters (including one with a greenish lake) create a surreal atmosphere, as if standing on another planet.
This volcano is beautiful to those who love wide-open landscapes, high-altitude hikes, and breathtaking views. Its proximity to Cartago makes it easy to pair with visits to nearby historical and cultural sites.
5. Turrialba Volcano
- Height: 3,340 m
- Last major eruption: 2016 and 2022
- Current status: Active, frequent gas emissions
- Highlights: Ideal for scientific and adventure tourism. Shares a volcanic system with Irazú.
An active guardian along El Camino de Costa Rica
Among Costa Rica’s volcanoes, Turrialba stands out for its proximity to El Camino de Costa Rica, (and its recent eruptive history) especially when passing through Santa Cruz in Turrialba province. Its towering silhouette dominates the landscape and reminds us of the Earth’s powerful forces beneath our feet.
While direct access is often restricted for safety, the surrounding area offers scenic and cultural richness: dairy farms, coffee plantations, welcoming rural communities, and natural viewpoints. Turrialba has shown notable activity over the past decade, with significant eruptions in 2010, 2016, and 2022. Its proximity to the trail makes it a memorable stop, not just for its grandeur, but as a symbol of the deep connection between Costa Rica’s geography and rural life.
You might want to read 7 Climate Zones on El Camino de Costa Rica: How to Prepare for Each
Dormant and Extinct Volcanoes in Costa Rica
The Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica (Ovsicori) does not consider Miravalles and Tenorio volcanoes active, but both remain relevant for tourism and energy production. We’ll introduce them next.
Miravalles Volcano
- Height: 2,028 m (the highest in the Guanacaste mountain range)
- Last major eruption: No explosive eruptions have been recorded in historical times; it shows constant fumarolic activity
- Current status: Active, with geothermal manifestations
- Highlights: It is a major source of geothermal energy for Costa Rica. On its slopes you’ll find hot springs, fumaroles, mud pools, and protected areas.
A source of energy
Miravalles, located in the province of Guanacaste, is a lesser-known but equally fascinating volcano. Although its crater isn’t directly accessible via tourist trails, its main attraction lies in the geothermal features surrounding it: hot springs, geysers, bubbling mud pools, and steam escaping from the earth. This area contributes significantly to Costa Rica’s renewable energy through geothermal power, get to know the Miravalles geothermal power plant.
Tourism around Miravalles focuses on relaxation, nature immersion, and enjoying rural landscapes. Visitors often cover themselves in volcanic mud for natural treatments and enjoy thermal baths surrounded by lush green mountains. It’s an excellent choice for those seeking less crowded, more peaceful, and locally connected tourism experiences.
Tenorio Volcano
- Height: 1,916 m
- Last major eruption: No historical eruptions recorded
- Current status: Potentially active (no recent eruptions, but some minor geothermal activity)
- Highlights: It is famous for the Celeste River, a natural phenomenon featuring vibrant turquoise waters caused by mineral interaction. The volcano and its surroundings are part of Tenorio Volcano National Park, which offers trails, waterfalls, hot springs, and rich biodiversity; ideal for ecotourism and birdwatching.
Rich in minerals
Tenorio Volcano, located within Tenorio Volcano National Park, is known for a natural wonder that seems straight out of a fairytale: the Celeste River. The river's name comes from its stunning sky-blue color, the result of volcanic minerals combining with sunlight; making it one of the most photographed natural sights in the country.
While the volcano itself isn’t the park’s main attraction, its presence enables the creation of this unique ecosystem that includes waterfalls, natural hot springs, and tropical forests. It’s a perfect destination for hikers, nature photographers, and those seeking mystical and visually striking experiences. Its relative remoteness adds an air of adventure and discovery.
Barva Volcano
- Height: 2,906 m
- Last major eruption: No historical eruptions recorded (prehistoric activity)
- Current status: Inactive
- Highlights: Part of Braulio Carrillo National Park; one of the country's least known but most biodiverse volcanoes.
A hidden gem in the Central Range
Located in the Central Volcanic Range, Barva is known for its serene atmosphere and ecological richness. Its trails pass through dense cloud forest inhabited by jaguars, tapirs, pumas, and birds, making it a dream destination for nature lovers, photographers, and hikers.
One of its main attractions is Laguna Barva, a collapsed crater now forming a tranquil lake surrounded by lush vegetation. With its cool climate, low visitor numbers, and peaceful environment, Barva is the perfect retreat for those looking to unplug and explore a hidden treasure of Costa Rican ecotourism.
An invitation to explore the volcanoes on your next visit
Visiting Costa Rica’s volcanoes is much more than witnessing smoking mountains; it’s about stepping into a vital experience where the Earth speaks, breathes, and creates. Whether hiking the Camino de Costa Rica or seeking specific adventures, every volcano holds unforgettable stories, legends, and landscapes.
We invite you to include a volcano in your following itinerary and discover why these natural giants are a fundamental part of Costa Rica’s soul. In the meantime, don’t forget to request a quote for your journey along El Camino de Costa Rica.
